BATTERY
Starting/Charging Systems
C: INSPECTION
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4. Battery
S179011
A: REMOVAL
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WARNING:
-  Electrolyte has toxicity; be careful handling the fluid.
-  Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. Especially at contact with eyes, blush with water for 15 minutes and get prompt medical attention.
-  Batteries produce explosive gasses. Keep sparks, flame, cigarettes away.
-  Ventilate when charging or using in enclosed space.
-  For safety, in case an explosion does occur, wear eye protection or shield your eyes when working near any battery. Never lean over a battery.
-  Do not let battery fluid contact eyes, skin, fabrics, or paint-work because battery fluid is corrosive acid.
-  To lessen the risk of sparks, remove rings, metal watch-bands, and other metal jewelry. Never allow metal tools to contact the positive battery terminal and anything connected to it while you are at the same time in contact with any other metallic portion of the vehicle because a short circuit will be caused.
1)   Disconnect the positive (+) terminal after dis­connecting the negative (-) terminal of battery.
2)   Remove flange nuts from battery rods and take off battery holder.
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3) Remove battery.
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B: INSTALLATION
Install in the reverse order of removal.
Tightening torque:
3.4 Nm (0.35 kgf-m, 2.5 ft-lb)
NOTE:
-  Clean battery cable terminals and apply grease to retard the formation of corrosion.
-  Connect the positive (+) terminal of battery and then the negative (-) terminal of the battery.
1. EXTERNAL PARTS:
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Check for the existence of dirt or cracks on the battery case, top cover, vent plugs, and terminal posts. If necessary, clean with water and wipe with a dry cloth.
Apply a thin coat of grease on the terminal posts to prevent corrosion.
2. ELECTROLYTE LEVEL:
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Check the electrolyte level in each cell. If the level is below MIN LEVEL, bring the level to MAX LEVEL by pouring distilled water into the battery cell. Do not fill beyond MAX LEVEL.
3. SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF
ELECTROLYTE:
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1) Measure specific gravity of electrolyte using a hydrometer and a thermometer. Specific gravity varies with temperature of electro­lyte so that it must be corrected at 20°C (68°F) using the following equation:
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BATTERY
Starting/Charging Systems
S20 = St + 0.0007 x(t- 20)
S20: Specific gravity corrected at electro­lyte temperature of 20°C St: Measured specific gravity t: Measured temperature (°C) Determine whether or not battery must be charged, according to corrected spe­cific gravity.
Standard specific gravity: 1.220 - 1.290 [at 20°C (68°F)]
2. CHECK HYDROMETER FOR STATE OF
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Hydrometer indicator
State of charge
Required action
Green dot
Above 65%
Load test
Dark dot
Below 65%
Charge battery
Clear dot
Low electrolyte
Replace battery* (If cranking complaint)
*: Check electrical system before replacement.
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3. NORMAL CHARGING
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Charge the battery at current value specified by manufacturer or at approximately 1/10 of battery's ampere-hour rating.
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4. QUICK CHARGING
Quick charging is a method in which the battery is charged in a short period of time with a relatively large current by using a quick charger. Since a large current flow raises electrolyte temperature, the battery is subject to damage if the large current is used for prolonged time. For this reason, the quick charging must be carried out within a current range that will not increase the electrolyte temperature above 40°C (104°F). It should be also remembered that the quick charg­ing is a temporary means to bring battery voltage up to a fair value and, as a rule, a battery should be charged slowly with a low current.
CAUTION:
-  Observe the items in 1. NORMAL CHARG­ING.
-  Never use more than 10 amperes when charging the battery because that will shorten battery life.
2) Measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte in the battery will disclose the state of charge of the battery. The relation between the specific gravity and the state of charge is as shown in figure.
D: MEASUREMENT
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WARNING:
-  Do not bring an open flame close to the bat­tery at this time.
CAUTION:
-  Prior to charging, corroded terminals should be cleaned with a brush and common baking soda solution.
-  Be careful since battery electrolyte over­flows while charging the battery.
-  Observe instructions when handling battery charger.
-  Before charging the battery on vehicle, dis­connect battery ground terminal. Failure to fol­low this rule may damage alternator's diodes or other electrical units.
1. JUDGMENT OF BATTERY IN CHARGED CONDITION S179
1)  Specific gravity of electrolyte is held at a spe­cific value in a range from 1.250 to 1.290 for more than one hour.
2)  Voltage per battery cell is held at a specific value in a range from 2.5 to 2.8 volts for more than one hour.
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BATTERY
Starting/Charging Systems
MEMO: